MS AD LDAP bind errors.

LDAP error code 49 is the generic code for authentication error.
https://helpdesk.lenovosoftware.com/portal/kb/articles/ldap-error-codes-22-8-2017 has the list of java ldap top level error codes.

To fully understand the error you need the rest of the information.

After turning on the debug, we can see the rest of the error.
javax.naming.AuthenticationException: [LDAP: error code 49 - 80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C090334, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 525, vece ]

So in this example, we want to look at:
LDAP error code 49 = Authentication error
data 525 = user not found

The specific Active Directory code will tell you the exact cause:
525 - user not found
52e - invalid credentials
530 - not permitted to logon at this time
532 - password expired
533 - account disabled
569 - denied access to computer via network
701 - account expired
773 - user must reset password
775 - account locked

Common Active Directory LDAP bind errors:

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 525, v893
HEX: 0x525 - user not found
DEC: 1317 - ERROR_NO_SUCH_USER (The specified account does not exist.)
NOTE: Returns when username is invalid.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 52e, v893
HEX: 0x52e - invalid credentials
DEC: 1326 - ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE (Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password.)
NOTE: Returns when username is valid but password/credential is invalid. Will prevent most other errors from being displayed as noted.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 530, v893
HEX: 0x530 - not permitted to logon at this time
DEC: 1328 - ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS (Logon failure: account logon time restriction violation.)
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 531, v893
HEX: 0x531 - not permitted to logon from this workstation
DEC: 1329 - ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION (Logon failure: user not allowed to log on to this computer.)
LDAP[userWorkstations: <multivalued list of workstation names>]
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 532, v893
HEX: 0x532 - password expired
DEC: 1330 - ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED (Logon failure: the specified account password has expired.)
LDAP[userAccountControl: <bitmask=0x00800000>] - PASSWORDEXPIRED
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 533, v893
HEX: 0x533 - account disabled
DEC: 1331 - ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED (Logon failure: account currently disabled.)
LDAP[userAccountControl: <bitmask=0x00000002>] - ACCOUNTDISABLE
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 701, v893
HEX: 0x701 - account expired
DEC: 1793 - ERROR_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED (The user’s account has expired.)
LDAP[accountExpires: <value of -1, 0, or extemely large value indicates account will not expire>] - ACCOUNTEXPIRED
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 773, v893
HEX: 0x773 - user must reset password
DEC: 1907 - ERROR_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE (The user’s password must be changed before logging on the first time.)
LDAP[pwdLastSet: <value of 0 indicates admin-required password change>] - MUST_CHANGE_PASSWD
NOTE: Returns only when presented with valid username and password/credential.

80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C09030B, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 775, v893
HEX: 0x775 - account locked out
DEC: 1909 - ERROR_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT (The referenced account is currently locked out and may not be logged on to.)
LDAP[userAccountControl: <bitmask=0x00000010>] - LOCKOUT
NOTE: Returns even if invalid password is presented.